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Showing posts from May 31, 2025

Saliva Explained: Functions, Health Benefits, and Common Problems

 Saliva plays a crucial role in digestion , especially in the initial phase that occurs in the mouth. Here's how saliva contributes to digestion: 1. Enzymatic Breakdown Salivary amylase (ptyalin) : Begins breaking down starches (complex carbohydrates) into simpler sugars like maltose . Lingual lipase : Starts the breakdown of fats (though its activity is more significant in infants or under acidic stomach conditions). 2. Lubrication and Bolus Formation Saliva moistens food , making it easier to chew and swallow. It helps form a soft mass called a bolus , which is easier to move down the esophagus. 3. Protection and Antimicrobial Action Contains lysozyme , lactoferrin , and IgA antibodies that fight bacteria. Helps maintain oral hygiene and prevents infections. 4. pH Balance and Taste Saliva buffers acids with bicarbonate , protecting teeth and optimizing enzyme function. It dissolves food particles, making them accessible to taste buds . 5. Swallowing...